Context management with with

A more rational way to encapsulate the try-except-finally pattern is to use the keyword with and a context manager. Python defines context managers for things like file access and custom context managers. One advantage of context managers is that they can define default clean-up actions that are always executed, whether an exception occurs or not.

The following listing shows opening and reading a file using with and a context manager.

filename = "myFile1.py"
with open(filename, "r") as f:
    for line in f:
        print(f)

A context manager is set up here that encloses the open function and the block that follows it. The predefined clean-up action of the context manager closes the file even if an exception occurs. As long as the expression in the first line is executed without throwing an exception, the file is always closed. This code is equivalent to this code:

filename = "myfile1.py"
try:
    f = open(filename, "r")
    for line in f:
        print(f)
except Exception as e:
    raise e
finally:
    f.close()